CUSTOMS AROUND THE WORLD
by Andy Schmidt
Unit 4 Reading 1
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1In recent decades, foreign travel has become a multi-billion dollar industry. International travel has many benefits, but visitors can run into trouble if they don't know some basic 'rules' about the cultures they're visiting. It is very important for travelers to take the time to learn about the cultures they plan to visit so that they know what to expect and how to avoid cultural misunderstandings. That is why we are presenting this 'Customs around the world' series, where we will look at three different cultures every month to help you become a well-informed traveler. This month's exciting destinations are Brazil, Japan and Saudi Arabia.
2In general, Brazilian culture is informal. Most Brazilians are very friendly people, so it is important to say hello and goodbye to the people you meet. Normally women kiss men and each other on the cheek, but men usually just shake hands. Brazilians typically stand very close to each other and touch each other's arms, elbows and back regularly while speaking. Even if this is unusual in your culture, try not to move away if this happens. If you go to a business meeting, you are not expected to take a gift. In fact, an expensive gift can be seen as suspicious.
3On the other hand, if you are invited to someone's house, you should take a gift - for example, flowers or chocolate. However, avoid anything purple or black, as these colours are related to death.
4If you are invited to dinner, arrive at least 30 minutes late, but always dress well, because a person's appearance can be very important to Brazilians.
5The Japanese are quite different from the Brazilians. They tend to be quite formal, so don't stand too close. Kissing or touching in public is not common. When you meet Japanese people socially, they may shake your hand. However, bowing, bending forwards to show respect, is the traditional greeting.
6In a business meeting, the Japanese often like to know what your position is in your company before they talk to you. You should hand over a business card using both hands, and when you receive a business card, you should immediately read it carefully. It is important to be punctual. You should arrive early and dress formally. Gifts are often exchanged, but the recipient may refuse the gift at least once before accepting it. You should remember to do the same if you receive a gift. When you present your gift, you should say that it is a token of your appreciation.
7Saudi Arabia is a very traditional country. In business situations you should know that hierarchy is important to Saudis. Therefore, it is important to greet the oldest or the most senior person first. Men may shake hands with men, and women with women, always using the right hand. Men and women do not touch or shake hands in public.
8Personal relationships are very important in Saudi Arabia. In a business meeting, do not start with business matters immediately. Instead, start by asking about people's family or health. Arrive on time for business meetings, but do not be surprised if others are late. Punctuality is less important in Saudi Arabia than it is in Japan or the US. Business dress is formal. Men should wear dark suits and ties and women should wear modest clothes.
9Gifts are not expected at business meetings until those involved have formed a strong relationship. If you are invited to a Saudi home or office, acceptable gifts are good-quality chocolate, coffee or dates. Be careful not to admire the things the host owns, because he or she will feel obliged to give an item to you as a gift.